Java Thread Interview Questions
Common Java Thread Interview Questions
Java Thread Interview Questions
In Java thread interviews, you may be asked to explain the differences between threads and processes, how to create a thread in Java (using Thread class or Runnable interface), synchronization techniques to avoid thread interference and consistency errors (e.g., synchronized keyword, ReentrantLock), thread pooling concepts (e.g., Executor framework), ways to communicate between threads (e.g., wait(), notify(), notifyAll()), and understanding concept of race condition, deadlock, and livelock in multithreading. It's important to demonstrate a strong understanding of Java concurrency and how to write efficient and thread-safe code.
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1 - What is a Thread in Java?
A Thread in Java is a lightweight subprocess that represents a separate path of execution within a program. Multiple threads can exist within a single process, allowing for concurrent execution of tasks.
2) How can you create a Thread in Java?
You can create a Thread in Java by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Extending the Thread class requires you to override the run() method, where you define the code to be executed by the Thread. Implementing the Runnable interface involves implementing the run() method in a separate class and passing an instance of that class to the Thread constructor.
3) What is the difference between extending Thread class and implementing Runnable interface for creating a Thread?
When extending the Thread class, your class cannot extend any other class as Java does not support multiple inheritance. On the other hand, by implementing the Runnable interface, your class can still extend other classes. Hence, it is generally recommended to implement the Runnable interface for better design flexibility.
4) How can you start a Thread in Java?
To start a Thread in Java, you can call the start() method on the Thread object. It will internally call the run() method where the code for the Thread's execution is defined. It is essential to note that calling the run() method directly will not create a new Thread, but rather execute the code in the current Thread.
5) What is the significance of the join() method in Java threads?
The join() method in Java threads is used to ensure that a Thread calling it waits for the Thread it is called on to terminate before moving forward. This is particularly useful when coordination between multiple Threads is required.
6) What is synchronization in Java threads and why is it important?
Synchronization in Java threads is the ability to control access to shared resources to prevent concurrent access issues such as race conditions and data inconsistencies. This is crucial in multithreaded applications to maintain data integrity and avoid unexpected behavior.
7) How can you achieve synchronization in Java threads?
You can achieve synchronization in Java threads by using keywords like synchronized or by using synchronized blocks. By applying synchronization, only one thread can access the synchronized code block at a time, thereby preventing conflicts in shared resource access.
8) What are Daemon threads in Java and how are they different from user threads?
Daemon threads in Java are low priority threads that run in the background to perform tasks such as garbage collection. They are different from user threads in that they do not prevent the JVM from exiting when all user threads have finished executing. If only Daemon threads are left running, the JVM will terminate.
9) Explain the concept of thread pool in Java.
A thread pool in Java is a group of pre initialized threads that are ready to perform tasks. Instead of creating a new Thread each time a task is needed to be executed, thread pools re use existing Threads, which improves performance and reduces resource consumption associated with Thread creation overhead.
10) What is the purpose of the wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods in Java threads?
These methods are used for inter thread communication in Java. The wait() method causes the current Thread to wait until another Thread notifies it. The notify() method wakes up a single waiting Thread, and notifyAll() wakes up all waiting Threads. These methods are essential for coordinating activities between multiple Threads.
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