Advanced Java Interview Questions
Top 20 Challenging Java Interview Questions
Advanced Java Interview Questions
In an advanced Java interview, candidates can expect questions that delve deeper into areas such as multithreading, design patterns, advanced data structures, performance optimization, JVM internals, and enterprise-level application development. Employers may inquire about topics like Java concurrency, memory management, garbage collection, exception handling, Java Virtual Machine (JVM) tuning, servlets, JSP, Java EE technologies, frameworks like Spring and Hibernate, and cloud-native development. Candidates should be prepared to demonstrate their expertise in writing efficient, scalable, and secure Java code, along with their ability to solve complex problems and design robust and maintainable software solutions using advanced Java technologies and practices.
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1 - What are the different types of memory areas allocated by JVM?
Answer: JVM allocates different memory areas such as Heap, Stack, Method Area, PC Register, and Native Method Stack. The Heap is used for dynamic memory allocation while the Stack is used for method execution and local variables. The Method Area stores class metadata and static fields. The PC Register holds the address of the current instruction being executed. The Native Method Stack is used for native method information.
2) Explain the difference between abstract class and interface in Java.
Answer: An abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods, while an interface can only have abstract methods. In Java, a class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend a single abstract class. Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance and define a contract that implementing classes must follow, while abstract classes are used to provide a common implementation to multiple sub classes.
3) What is the concept of constructor chaining in Java?
Answer: Constructor chaining refers to the process where a constructor of one class can call another constructor of the same class or its super class. This helps in code reusability and allows for initializing variables using different constructors without duplicating code. Constructor chaining can be achieved using the ‘this’ keyword to call another constructor in the same class or the ‘super’ keyword to call a constructor in the super class.
4) What is the difference between final, finally, and finalize in Java?
Answer: ‘final’ is a keyword used to restrict modification, ‘finally’ is a block used in exception handling to execute code regardless of an exception, and ‘finalize’ is a method in the Object class used for garbage collection. A variable declared with ‘final’ cannot be reassigned, a ‘finally’ block is always executed whether an exception occurs or not, while the ‘finalize’ method is called before an object is garbage collected to perform cleanup tasks.
5) Explain the concepts of method overloading and method overriding in Java.
Answer: Method overloading involves having multiple methods in a class with the same name but different parameter lists. Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass. Overloading is determined at compile time based on the method signature, while overriding is determined at runtime based on the object's type.
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