Java Spring Interview Questions 2024
Top Java Spring Interview Questions 2024
Java Spring Interview Questions 2024
In a Java Spring interview for 2024, expect questions on Spring core concepts like inversion of control (IoC), dependency injection, Spring containers, Spring beans, and aspects of the Spring framework such as AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) and transaction management. You may be asked about Spring Boot for rapid application development, Spring MVC for web applications, Spring Security for authentication and authorization, and Spring Data for database access. Understanding of RESTful web services, microservices architecture, and cloud deployment with Spring Cloud will also be relevant. Additionally, knowledge of the latest Spring features and updates released in 2024, such as new modules or enhancements, will likely be assessed to gauge your familiarity with cutting-edge technologies in the Java Spring ecosystem.
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1 - What is Spring Framework, and what are its key features?
The Spring Framework is a comprehensive and modular framework for building enterprise applications in Java. The key features of Spring include Inversion of Control (IoC), Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP), and support for integration with various other frameworks and technologies.
2) What is Dependency Injection in Spring?
Dependency Injection is a design pattern in which the dependencies of an object are injected into it rather than the object creating its dependencies. In Spring, dependency injection is achieved through either constructor injection or setter injection.
3) What is the difference between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext in Spring?
BeanFactory is the basic container for managing Spring beans, providing fundamental features like bean instantiation, configuration, and lifecycle management. ApplicationContext is a more advanced container that extends BeanFactory and adds additional functionalities such as event propagation, internationalization, and application layer specific context information.
4) How does Spring support aspect oriented programming (AOP)?
Spring provides support for aspect oriented programming (AOP) through its integration with AspectJ, a popular AOP framework. By configuring aspects and pointcuts in the Spring application context, developers can apply cross cutting concerns such as logging, security, and transaction management to multiple components in a modular way.
5) What are the different types of bean scopes in Spring?
Spring supports multiple bean scopes, including singleton (a single instance per Spring container), prototype (a new instance per request), request (a single instance per HTTP request), session (a single instance per HTTP session), and custom scopes defined by the application.
6) How can you enable declarative transaction management in Spring?
Declarative transaction management in Spring can be enabled either through XML based configuration using the <tx:annotation driven> element or through annotation based configuration using the @Transactional annotation on service methods requiring transactional behavior.
7) What is the Spring MVC framework, and how does it work?
Spring MVC is a web framework within the Spring Framework that provides model view controller architecture for building web applications. It leverages DispatcherServlet as the front controller to handle incoming requests, mapping them to appropriate controllers, and resolving views for rendering responses.
8) How does Spring support RESTful web services?
Spring provides robust support for creating RESTful web services through the Spring MVC framework, with annotations like @RestController to mark a controller as RESTful and @RequestMapping to map HTTP methods to specific endpoints. Additionally, Spring MVC supports content negotiation for handling different data formats.
9) What is Spring Boot, and how does it simplify application development?
Spring Boot is an opinionated framework built on top of the Spring Framework that simplifies the development of stand alone, production ready applications. It provides auto configuration, embedded servers, and command line interface tools to streamline application setup and deployment.
10) How does Spring Security help in securing applications?
Spring Security is a powerful framework that provides comprehensive security features for Java applications, including authentication, authorization, and protection against common security vulnerabilities. By configuring security rules and filters, developers can secure their applications at different levels.
11) What are the advantages of using Spring Data JPA?
Spring Data JPA simplifies data access by providing a repository abstraction on top of JPA (Java Persistence API). It reduces boilerplate code, enhances productivity, and supports features like query methods and pagination. Integration with other Spring projects like Spring Boot makes data access configuration straightforward.
12) How does Spring Integration help in building messaging driven applications?
Spring Integration is a framework that enables the construction of event driven and messaging based applications in a Spring environment. By using message channels, transformers, and endpoints, developers can create scalable and loosely coupled systems that integrate with various messaging technologies.
13) Explain the role of Spring Cloud in building microservices architecture.
Spring Cloud is a set of tools and libraries that facilitates the development of microservices based applications on the Spring platform. It provides features like service discovery, client side load balancing, circuit breakers, distributed configuration management, and centralized monitoring to help build resilient and scalable microservices.
14) How can you perform unit testing in Spring applications?
Unit testing in Spring applications can be done using frameworks like JUnit and Mockito. By using annotations like @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) and @SpringBootTest, developers can initialize a Spring context for testing and mock dependencies to isolate the code under test.
15) How does Spring support reactive programming with Project Reactor?
Spring Framework embraces reactive programming principles through Project Reactor, a reactive library that enables developers to build non blocking, asynchronous, and event driven applications. By using Flux and Mono types for handling asynchronous data streams, Spring applications can achieve better scalability and responsiveness.
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Java Interview Questions for 6 Years Experience 2024
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