Java Spring Interview Questions
Expert Guide for Landing Your Dream Job
Java Spring Interview Questions are a set of commonly asked questions in the job interviews for Java developers. These questions test the knowledge and skills of the candidates in using the Spring framework, a popular open-source application development framework for Java. The questions cover various topics such as Spring architecture, dependency injection, annotations, AOP, data access, and more. They are designed to assess the candidate's understanding of Spring and its features, as well as their problem-solving abilities and experience with real-world scenarios. It is essential for candidates to be well-prepared for these questions to ace their job interviews.
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1 - What is Spring Framework?
Spring Framework is an open-source, lightweight application development framework for Java. It provides a comprehensive infrastructure for developing Java applications, handling various infrastructural concerns such as dependency injection, inversion of control, and aspect-oriented programming.
2) What is Dependency Injection (DI)?
Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to remove the dependency of components from each other. In Spring, DI is implemented through IoC (Inversion of Control) principle, where the container manages the instantiation of objects and their dependencies.
3) What is Inversion of Control (IoC)?
Inversion of Control is a design principle where the control flow of an application is shifted from the application code to the framework. In Spring, the container manages the instantiation of objects and their dependencies, which allows for looser coupling and easier testing.
4) What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)?
Aspect-Oriented Programming is a programming technique that allows developers to modularize crosscutting concerns, such as logging, auditing, and security, from the core business logic. In Spring, AOP is achieved through the use of AspectJ annotations and can be used in conjunction with DI and IoC.
5) What is the difference between Application Context and Bean Factory?
Both Application Context and Bean Factory are responsible for managing objects in Spring. However, the Application Context is an enhanced version of Bean Factory, providing more features and functionalities, such as internationalization, message resource handling, and AOP.
6) What is the role of DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC?
DispatcherServlet is the front controller of the Spring MVC framework, responsible for intercepting incoming requests and routing them to the appropriate handler for further processing. It also handles the view resolution and renders the response to the client.
7) What are the different types of Bean scopes in Spring?
There are five bean scopes in Spring - Singleton, Prototype, Request, Session, and Global session. Singleton beans are instantiated only once per Spring container, Prototype beans are created every time they are requested, Request and Session beans are created for each HTTP request and session, respectively, and Global session beans are created once per global HTTP session.
8) What is Spring Boot?
Spring Boot is a framework for building standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications quickly. It aims to simplify the configuration and deployment process by providing a convention over configuration approach, along with auto-configuration and opinionated dependencies.
9) What is Spring AOP?
Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) is a framework that provides an elegant way to reduce code duplication by separating different types of concerns, such as logging, security, and caching, from the core business logic. It is implemented through the use of cross-cutting concerns and aspects.
10) What is the difference between @Component, @Controller, @Repository, and @Service annotations?
@Component is a generic stereotype annotation used for any Spring-managed component, while @Controller, @Repository, and @Service are specializations of @Component, used for declaring web controllers, DAOs, and service classes, respectively.
11) What are the different types of transaction management in Spring?
There are two types of transaction management in Spring - programmatic transaction management and declarative transaction management. In programmatic transaction management, the developer has to handle transaction management manually, while in declarative transaction management, the configuration is done through annotations or XML configuration files.
12) What is Spring Data and what are its benefits?
Spring Data is an umbrella project that provides a consistent programming model and APIs for accessing various types of data stores, such as relational databases, NoSQL databases, and cloud data services. It eliminates boilerplate code and provides a consistent way to interact with different types of databases.
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13) What is RestTemplatin Spring?
RestTemplate is a class provided by Spring that simplifies the process of consuming RESTful web services. It provides methods for making HTTP requests and mapping the response to Java objects.
14) What is Spring Security?
Spring Security is a powerful and flexible framework for implementing authentication and authorization in Java applications. It provides a comprehensive set of security features, such as form-based login, HTTP basic/digest authentication, and role-based access control.
15) How can you integrate Spring with other frameworks like Hibernate and Struts?
Spring provides seamless integration with other frameworks through the use of its powerful DI and IoC principles. By configuring the appropriate beans and dependencies, developers can easily incorporate frameworks like Hibernate, Struts, and others into their Spring applications.
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