Java 8 Features Interview Questions
Exploring Java 8 Features: Interview Questions
Java 8 introduced a number of new features that have greatly improved the language, making it more efficient and modern. Some of these features include lambda expressions, stream API, default methods, functional interfaces, and the optional class. These features have made Java programming more concise, readable, and scalable, allowing developers to write cleaner and more efficient code. They also provide support for functional programming, making it easier to work with large sets of data. With these new features, Java 8 is able to handle complex programming tasks with greater ease and flexibility, making it a highly sought after language in the software development industry.
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1 - What are the new features introduced in Java 8?
Some of the key features introduced in Java 8 are lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, default methods, and method references. Lambda expressions allow for more concise and readable functional code by enabling the use of functional programming concepts, such as passing behavior as a method argument. Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method that can be used as the target of lambda expressions. Streams provide a new way to handle collections and perform operations such as filtering, sorting, and mapping. Default methods allow for the addition of new methods to existing interfaces without breaking compatibility with existing implementing classes. Finally, method references provide a shorthand notation for referring to methods and constructors without invoking them.
2) What is a lambda expression?
A lambda expression is an anonymous function that allows for more concise and readable functional code. It can be thought of as a method without a name, access modifier, or return type. Lambda expressions are useful for implementing functional interfaces, as they allow behavior to be passed as an argument to a method.
3) What are functional interfaces?
Functional interfaces are interfaces that have only one abstract method and can be used as the target for lambda expressions. They provide a way to implement functional programming concepts, such as passing behavior as a method argument, in Java.
4) What are streams in Java 8?
Streams are a new way to handle collections in Java introduced in Java 8. They allow for efficient and expressive manipulation of collections by providing methods for filtering, sorting, and mapping elements. They also support parallel processing, making them a powerful tool for handling large datasets.
5) What are default methods in Java 8?
Default methods allow for the addition of new methods to existing interfaces without breaking compatibility with existing implementing classes. They provide a way to extend interfaces without having to modify all implementing classes, which was not possible prior to Java 8.
6) What are method references in Java 8?
Method references provide a shorthand notation for referring to methods and constructors without invoking them. They are useful for passing methods as arguments to other methods and can reduce code duplication by providing a simple way to reference existing methods.
7) How are lambda expressions used in Java 8?
Lambda expressions are used to implement functional interfaces, which are interfaces that have a single abstract method. They allow for behavior to be passed as a method argument, making code more concise and readable. Lambda expressions are also commonly used with streams for efficient and expressive handling of collections.
8) Why were default methods introduced in Java 8?
Default methods were introduced in Java 8 to address the issue of extending interfaces without breaking compatibility with existing implementing classes. They provide a way to add new methods to existing interfaces without having to modify all implementing classes.
9) What is the purpose of method references in Java 8?
Method references provide a shorthand notation for referring to methods and constructors without invoking them. They are useful for passing methods as arguments to other methods and can reduce code duplication by referencing existing methods.
10) How do streams improve collection handling in Java 8?
Streams provide a more efficient and expressive way to handle collections in Java 8. They offer methods for filtering, sorting, and mapping elements, making it easier to manipulate and process large datasets. They also support parallel processing, further increasing their usefulness.
11) What is the difference between a lambda expression and a method reference?
A lambda expression is an anonymous function that allows for behavior to be passed as a method argument. Method references, on the other hand, provide a shorthand notation for referring to existing methods without invoking them. Both are useful for implementing functional programming concepts in Java 8.
12) How do default methods maintain compatibility in Java 8?
Default methods maintain compatibility in Java 8 by providing a default implementation for a new method added to an interface. This means that existing implementing classes will not be affected and can still compile and run without any changes.
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13) Can a lambda expression be used without a functional interface?
No, a lambda expression must be used with a functional interface in Java 8. The functional interface provides the target type for the lambda expression, and without it, there would be no way to determine the appropriate method to be invoked.
14) How do method references improve code readability in Java 8?
Method references provide a shorthand notation for referring to methods and constructors, making code more concise and readable. This is especially useful when passing methods as arguments to other methods, as it eliminates the need for long and complex lambda expressions.
15) What are the advantages of using streams in Java 8?
Streams offer several advantages in Java 8, including efficient and expressive manipulation of collections, support for parallel processing, and the ability to handle large datasets. They also promote more readable and concise code by providing methods for common collection operations.
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