Java 8 Stream Interview Questions
Expert Answers to Commonly Asked Java 8 Stream Interview Questions
Java 8 introduced the concept of Streams, which are sequences of elements that can be processed in a functional programming style. This brought new possibilities and improvements in the way data can be handled. Some common Java 8 Stream interview questions may include topics like how to create a stream, the difference between streams and collections, intermediate and terminal operations, lazy evaluon, and parallel processing. It's important for candidates to have a good understanding of Streams, as they are commonly used in modern Java applications and play a key role in improving performance and efficiency.
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1 - What is a Stream in Java 8?
A Stream is a sequence of elements that can be processed in a functional and efficient manner. It allows for sequential or parallel operations on data without affecting the underlying source.
2) What are the different types of Streams in Java 8?
There are two types of Streams in Java 8: the intermediate stream and the terminal stream. The intermediate stream provides methods for filtering, sorting, and transforming the data, while the terminal stream executes the operations and produces the result.
3) What is the difference between Parallel Streams and Sequential Streams?
Parallel Streams allow for processing of the data in parallel on multiple threads, while Sequential Streams process data in a single thread, one at a time.
4) What is the purpose of lazy evaluation in Streams?
Lazy evaluation is a technique used in Streams to defer the execution of operations until the result is actually needed. This helps in optimizing performance by only processing the necessary data.
5) How can you create a Stream in Java 8?
There are different ways to create a Stream in Java 8: by converting a collection to a Stream, by using Stream.of() method, by using Stream.generate() or Stream.iterate() methods, and by using the Files.lines() method for reading data from a file.
6) What is a Supplier in Streams?
A Supplier is a functional interface in Java 8 that is used to generate elements for a Stream. It has a single method, get(), which returns a value of a specified type.
7) How do you sort a Stream in Java 8?
The sorted() method can be used to sort a Stream in Java 8. It takes a Comparator as an optional argument to define the custom sorting logic.
8) Can you explain the concept of Predicate in Streams?
A Predicate is a functional interface that takes an argument and returns a boolean value. It is primarily used for filtering operations in Streams. The filter() method in Streams takes a Predicate as its argument.
9) What is the purpose of the collect() method in Streams?
The collect() method is used to convert the elements in a Stream into a collection or other data structures. It takes a Collector object as an argument.
10) How do you handle exceptions in Streams?
Exceptions can be handled in Streams using the try-catch block or by using the .map() method to wrap the functional operation in another function that handles exceptions.
11) Can you explain the concept of method reference in Streams?
Method reference is used to refer to a method of a class or an object. In Streams, it provides a more concise and readable way to call a method as compared to using lambdas.
12) What is the purpose of the reduce() method in Streams?
The reduce() method in Streams is used to combine all the elements in a Stream into a single result. It takes an initial value and a BinaryOperator as arguments.
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13) How do you create an infinite Stream in Java 8?
Using the Stream.iterate() or Stream.generate() methods, an infinite Stream can be created by specifying the seed value and the function to generate the next value.
14) What are the benefits of using Streams in Java 8?
Streams provide a functional and efficient way of processing data, enable parallel processing for improved performance, and encourage the use of immutability and functional programming concepts.
15) Can you explain the terminal operation in Streams?
Terminal operation is the final operation in a Stream that produces a result, such as count(), collect(), or reduce(). After the terminal operation is executed, the Stream cannot be used again.
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