Sql Server Dba Interview Questions
Top SQL Server DBA Interview Questions
Sql Server Dba Interview Questions
In an SQL Server DBA interview, candidates can expect to be asked questions related to database management, performance tuning, backup and recovery procedures, security measures, SQL Server installation and configuration, troubleshooting techniques, and general knowledge of database concepts. Employers may also inquire about the candidate's experience with high availability solutions, disaster recovery strategies, and their ability to work with SQL Server tools and technologies effectively. Additionally, knowledge of SQL queries, indexing, and monitoring techniques may also be tested. It is important for candidates to thoroughly prepare for the interview by reviewing all aspects of SQL Server administration and demonstrating their expertise in managing databases efficiently and securely.
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1 - Explain the difference between clustered and non clustered indexes in SQL Server.
Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table and are particularly useful for range queries. Each table can have only one clustered index because the data rows are sorted in one order on disk. Non clustered indexes create a separate data structure that includes the columns specified in the index definition, along with a pointer to the actual data row. A table can have multiple non clustered indexes.
2) What is the purpose of the SQL Server Agent service?
The SQL Server Agent service is responsible for scheduling and automating administrative tasks and jobs in SQL Server. It allows DBAs to set up automated jobs, alerts, and notifications to manage and monitor the SQL Server environment efficiently.
3) How do you monitor and troubleshoot SQL Server performance?
Performance monitoring in SQL Server involves using tools like SQL Server Profiler, Dynamic Management Views (DMVs), and Performance Monitor to identify bottlenecks and performance issues. The troubleshooting process may include optimizing queries, indexing, server configuration settings, and hardware resources.
4) Explain the concept of database mirroring in SQL Server.
Database mirroring is a high availability and disaster recovery solution in SQL Server that maintains a standby copy of the database on a different server. Changes made to the principal database are automatically mirrored to the standby server, providing data redundancy and failover capability in case of a server failure.
5) What is the role of the tempdb database in SQL Server?
The tempdb database is a system database in SQL Server used to store temporary user objects, intermediate results, and internal objects such as work tables and indexes. It is recreated every time the SQL Server instance is restarted and is critical for query processing and sorting operations.
6) How do you secure sensitive data in SQL Server?
Sensitive data in SQL Server can be secured using encryption techniques such as Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) to encrypt the entire database, column level encryption to protect specific columns, and Always Encrypted to ensure data confidentiality even when accessed by authorized users.
7) What is the difference between a stored procedure and a function in SQL Server?
Stored procedures are precompiled sets of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be called by applications or other procedures. Functions, on the other hand, return a value based on input parameters and are often used in queries or calculations within SQL statements.
8) How would you handle a database corruption issue in SQL Server?
When faced with a database corruption issue in SQL Server, DBAs can use DBCC CHECKDB to check the database integrity and repair any inconsistencies. It is important to have regular backups in place to restore the database to a point before the corruption occurred, if necessary.
9) What is the purpose of the SQL Server Recovery Model?
The SQL Server Recovery Model defines how transactions are logged and whether point in time recovery is possible. The three recovery models in SQL Server are Simple, Full, and Bulk Logged. The choice of recovery model impacts the backup and restore strategy, as well as the ability to recover data to a specific point in time.
10) How do you implement high availability in SQL Server?
High availability in SQL Server can be achieved through options such as database mirroring, AlwaysOn Availability Groups, failover clustering, and log shipping. These solutions provide redundancy and automatic failover capabilities to minimize downtime and ensure business continuity.
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