Java Serialization api
Java Serialization API is a mechanism that allows Java objects to be converted into a byte stream, enabling them to be easily saved to a file or transmitted over a network. This process is facilitated by the `Serializable` interface, which a class must implement to indicate that its instances can be serialized. The API includes classes such as `ObjectInputStream` and `ObjectOutputStream`, which handle the writing and reading of serialized objects, respectively. During serialization, the object's state is preserved, while transient fields (marked with the `transient` keyword) are excluded from serialization. This feature is particularly useful for persisting the state of objects or for deep-copying them in distributed systems, making it a fundamental tool for Java application development involving object storage and communication.
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1 - Definition of Serialization: Serialization is the process of converting an object into a byte stream, allowing it to be easily saved to a file or transmitted over a network.
2) Definition of Deserialization: Deserialization is the reverse process of serialization, where the byte stream is converted back into a copy of the original object.
3) Java Interface: The core interface for serialization in Java is `java.io.Serializable`. Classes need to implement this interface to be serializable.
4) Serializable Marker Interface: The `Serializable` interface is a marker interface; it does not contain any methods. Its presence informs the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that the object can be serialized.
5) transient Keyword: Fields marked with the `transient` keyword are not included in the serialization process, which is useful for excluding sensitive data or non serializable fields.
6) ObjectOutputStream: This class is used for writing objects to an output stream. It handles the serialization process and converts the object into a stream of bytes.
7) ObjectInputStream: This class is used for reading objects from an input stream. It handles the deserialization process and reconstructs the original object.
8) SerialVersionUID: Classes that implement `Serializable` are recommended to declare a `static final long SerialVersionUID` field. This helps to ensure version control during serialization and deserialization.
9) Customization of Serialization: Developers can customize the serialization process by implementing the `writeObject` and `readObject` methods in their classes to control how their objects are serialized and deserialized.
10) Inheritance and Serialization: If a subclass is serializable, its superclass must also implement `Serializable`. If the superclass is not serializable, the subclass can serialize its own fields but will not serialize the superclass fields.
11) Default Serialization Mechanism: Java provides a default serialization mechanism that can handle most objects automatically. This mechanism utilizes reflection to inspect the object's fields.
12) Handling Non Serializable Objects: When a class includes fields that are not serializable, those fields must be marked as `transient`, or an exception will be thrown during serialization.
13) Serialization of Collections: Java collections (e.g., lists, sets, and maps) can also be serialized as long as their contained objects are serializable.
14) Performance Considerations: Serialization can be slower for large objects or complex object graphs. Optimizing serialization (e.g., through object pooling or efficient data formats) may be necessary for performance sensitive applications.
15) Use Cases: Common use cases for serialization include saving object states to disk, sending objects through network sockets, marshaling objects in distributed systems, and caching objects for later use.
This outline provides a comprehensive overview of the Java Serialization API suitable for a training program, covering fundamental concepts, technical details, and practical considerations.
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