Pl Sql Interview Questions
Top PL/SQL Interview Questions
Pl Sql Interview Questions
PL/SQL interview questions typically focus on a candidate's knowledge and understanding of the PL/SQL programming language, which is an extension of SQL used to create stored procedures, functions, triggers, and other database objects in Oracle databases. Common interview questions may cover topics such as the differences between functions and procedures, exception handling in PL/SQL, advantages of using PL/SQL over SQL, triggers and their types, cursors, and performance optimization techniques. Candidates may also be asked to write code snippets or solve problems using PL/SQL to demonstrate their proficiency in the language. It's important for candidates to have a strong understanding of PL/SQL concepts, syntax, and best practices to succeed in PL/SQL interviews.
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1 - What is PL/SQL?
PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is an extension of SQL that allows the execution of procedural logic at the database server. It integrates procedural constructs such as conditions and loops into the SQL language, making it more powerful for developing complex database applications.
2) What are the advantages of using PL/SQL?
PL/SQL offers a wide range of advantages, including improved performance due to reduced network traffic, better security by encapsulating business logic within the database, easier maintenance of code with reusable modules, increased productivity with the ability to handle complex business logic, and seamless integration with SQL for database operations.
3) How can you declare variables in PL/SQL?
Variables in PL/SQL can be declared using the syntax:
```sql
variable_name datatype [NOT NULL] [:= initial_value];
```
For example:
```sql
emp_id NUMBER := 1001;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
```
4) What is a cursor in PL/SQL and how is it used?
A cursor is a pointer or a handle to the result set of a SQL query. It allows you to process individual rows returned by a SQL query one at a time. Cursors are used for processing multiple rows in PL/SQL, where you execute a query and process the result set row by row using the cursor.
5) How do you handle exceptions in PL/SQL?
Exceptions in PL/SQL are handled using the `EXCEPTION` block. You can specify the actions to be taken when an exception occurs within this block. You can define specific exception handlers for different types of exceptions or use the `WHEN OTHERS` clause to handle any unanticipated exceptions.
6) What are triggers in PL/SQL?
Triggers in PL/SQL are special types of stored procedures that are automatically executed in response to specific events in the database. These events can be DML statements like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, DROP. Triggers can be defined at the table or schema level.
7) How can you create a function in PL/SQL?
To create a function in PL/SQL, you need to use the `CREATE FUNCTION` statement followed by the function name, parameters, return type, and the function body. Functions in PL/SQL can return a single value and are typically used to perform calculations and return results.
8) What is a package in PL/SQL?
A package in PL/SQL is a schema object that groups related procedures, functions, variables, cursors, and exceptions together. It provides a way to encapsulate and organize PL/SQL code for easier maintenance and better performance. Packages consist of a package specification and a package body.
9) How can you use loops in PL/SQL?
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PL/SQL provides several types of loops, including `FOR` loop, `WHILE` loop, and `LOOP` (infinite) loop. You can use loops to iterate over a set of statements multiple times until a specific condition is met. Loops help in automating repetitive tasks and processing data efficiently.
10) What is dynamic SQL in PL/SQL?
Dynamic SQL in PL/SQL allows you to construct SQL statements dynamically at runtime and execute them using the `EXECUTE IMMEDIATE` statement. It provides flexibility in generating SQL statements based on user input or dynamic conditions. Dynamic SQL is commonly used when the SQL statements are not known at compile time.
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