Java 8 New Features Interview Questions
Exploring the New Features of Java 8: Interview Questions and Answers
Java 8 introduced several new features that improved the language's performance, flexibility, and usability. Some of the notable features include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and streams, which allow for a more concise and declarative coding style. The addition of default and static methods in interfaces also improved the extensibility and versatility of interfaces. Other features such as the new Date and Time API, Optional class, and method references have made Java 8 a more modern and efficient language, making it easier for developers to write efficient and readable code.
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1 - What are the major features introduced in Java 8?
Java 8 introduced several revolutionary features, the most significant being Lambda Expressions, Functional Interfaces, Stream API, and Method References. These features enable functional programming, making the code more concise, readable, and maintainable.
2) Why were Lambda Expressions introduced in Java 8?
Lambda expressions were introduced to support functional programming, which allows writing more concise and readable code, especially while manipulating collections. It also enables using functional interfaces, reducing the need for writing boilerplate code.
3) How does the use of functional interfaces in Java 8 benefit developers?
Functional interfaces, also known as Single Abstract Method (SAM) interfaces, allow the use of lambda expressions and method references. It significantly reduces boilerplate code, improves readability, and makes coding more efficient.
4) What is the Stream API in Java 8?
Stream API is a new way of processing and manipulating collections of objects in a functional style. It allows developers to perform bulk operations on collections, such as filtering, mapping, and reducing, in a concise and readable manner.
5) How is the Stream API different from traditional collections in Java?
Traditional collections in Java are imperative, meaning developers have to write loops and conditionals to manipulate data. On the other hand, the Stream API is functional, meaning it relies on higher-order functions to process data, making code more concise, readable, and efficient.
6) What is a method reference in Java 8?
A method reference is a simplified way of writing lambda expressions for methods that already exist. It provides a way to pass a method as an argument to another method, eliminating the need for writing the body of the lambda expression.
7) How have collections been improved in Java 8?
Collections in Java 8 have been enhanced with the introduction of new methods such as forEach(), sort(), and parallelStream() to support functional programming. It also introduced a new interface called Optional to handle null values.
8) What is the default method in Java 8?
A default method is a new feature introduced in Java 8, allowing interfaces to have implementation methods, unlike previous versions where all methods in interfaces were abstract.
9) How does Java 8 handle backward compatibility with the addition of new features?
Java 8 maintains backward compatibility by using the concept of default methods and static methods in interfaces. This way, code written in the previous version of Java still works without any changes.
10) How does Java 8 support parallel programming?
Java 8 introduced a new framework called Fork/Join that supports parallel programming. It takes advantage of multi-core processors and divides the workload into smaller tasks that can be executed in parallel for optimal performance.
11) What is the purpose of the new Date and Time API in Java 8?
The new Date and Time API, also known as the java.time package, was introduced to resolve the issues with the existing Date and Calendar classes, making it more intuitive, thread-safe, and robust.
12) How are annotations improved in Java 8?
Annotations in Java 8 can now be applied to any type of declaration, such as local variables and lambdas. It also introduced a new annotation called @Repeatable, allowing developers to apply multiple annotations of the same type on a single element.
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13) What is the purpose of the new Nashorn JavaScript engine in Java 8?
Nashorn is a new powerful JavaScript engine included in Java 8 that allows developers to embed JavaScript code within Java applications. It provides better performance and interoperability for developing modern web applications.
14) How is the process of converting a collection to a stream in Java 8 optimized?
Introducing the Stream API in Java 8 made the transformation of collections to streams more efficient by using lazy evaluation. It means that operations on the stream are not executed until the result is used, resulting in better performance.
15) How did Java 8 improve security?
Java 8 introduced several security improvements, such as TLS 1.2 as the default protocol, removing support for SSLv3, and allowing developers to tailor the JCE cipher suites. It also introduced support for Elliptic Curve Cryptography, providing stronger encryption capabilities.
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