Database Related Interview Questions
Top Database Interview Questions to Prepare For
Database Related Interview Questions
Database related interview questions typically cover topics such as data modeling, normalization, indexing, querying, and performance tuning. Employers may also ask candidates about their experience with various database management systems such as MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, and PostgreSQL. Additionally, candidates may be tested on their knowledge of database design principles, transaction management, data manipulation languages like SQL, and the ability to optimize database performance. It is important for candidates to be familiar with these topics and be able to provide clear, concise answers to demonstrate their expertise in database management.
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1 - What is normalization in databases?
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database efficiently. It involves breaking down a table into smaller, more manageable tables and defining relationships between them to minimize redundancy and dependency.
2) What are the different types of join operations in SQL?
The main types of join operations are INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN), RIGHT JOIN (or RIGHT OUTER JOIN), and FULL JOIN (or FULL OUTER JOIN). INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match between tables, LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table, RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table, and FULL JOIN returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
3) What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE commands in SQL?
DELETE is a DML command that removes specific rows from a table based on a condition, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command that removes all the rows from a table and resets the identity seed value.
4) Explain the ACID properties in database transactions.
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another valid state, Isolation ensures that the concurrent execution of transactions results in a system state that would be obtained if the transactions were executed serially, and Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, the changes made by it will persist even in the case of a system failure.
5) What is a primary key in a database table?
A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table. It uniquely identifies each record in a table and must contain unique values and cannot have NULL values. It is used to enforce entity integrity and relationships between tables.
6) What is a deadlock in a database?
A deadlock occurs when two or more transactions are waiting for each other to release locks, resulting in a situation where none of the transactions can proceed. Deadlocks can lead to a system becoming unresponsive and require careful handling to prevent and resolve.
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