thread cycle in java
Understanding Thread Lifecycle in Java
thread cycle in java
In Java, the thread cycle refers to the lifecycle of a thread, which encompasses its various states from creation to termination. A thread can start in the NEW state when instantiated but not yet started. Once the `start()` method is called, it transitions to the RUNNABLE state, where it is ready to run and can be executed by the JVM scheduler. During its execution, a thread may enter the BLOCKED state while waiting for a lock or resource, or the WAITING state when it is waiting for another thread to perform a particular action. It may also enter the TIMED_WAITING state when it waits for a specific period. Once the thread completes its task, it transitions to the TERMINATED state. Java provides mechanisms for managing these states through synchronization, waiting, and interrupting threads, ensuring effective concurrent execution while minimizing issues like deadlocks and race conditions.
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1 - Thread Definition: A thread is a lightweight subprocess, the smallest unit of processing. A thread is a path of execution through the program code.
2) Thread Lifecycle: A thread in Java goes through several states during its lifecycle, which include New, Runnable, Blocked, Waiting, Timed Waiting, and Terminated.
3) New State: When a thread is created using the `Thread` class or implementing the `Runnable` interface, it is in the New state. It has not yet started running.
4) Runnable State: Once a thread's `start()` method is invoked, it enters the Runnable state, where it is eligible to run and may be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
5) Blocked State: A thread enters the Blocked state when it is waiting for a monitor lock to enter a synchronized block/method. This happens when another thread holds the lock.
6) Waiting State: A thread is in the Waiting state when it waits indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action (like calling `wait()`, `join()`, or `LockSupport.park()`).
7) Timed Waiting State: This state occurs when a thread is waiting for another thread to perform a specific action for a limited time (using methods like `sleep(milliseconds)`, `wait(milliseconds)`, or `join(milliseconds)`).
8) Terminated State: A thread exits the Terminated state when it has completed its execution, either by successfully finishing its task or due to an uncaught exception.
9) Thread Scheduling: The JVM is responsible for managing the execution of threads. The thread scheduler decides which thread gets to run and for how long, based on priority.
10) Synchronization: To prevent thread interference when multiple threads access shared resources, synchronization is often implemented using synchronized methods/blocks or Locks.
11) Inter thread Communication: Java provides methods like `wait()`, `notify()`, and `notifyAll()` to facilitate communication between threads, allowing them to synchronize their actions.
12) Thread Priorities: Each thread can be assigned a priority, which influences the scheduler's decision on which thread to run next, with higher priority threads given preference.
13) Daemon Threads: Daemon threads are low priority threads that run in the background and do not prevent the program from exiting. They are typically used for background tasks.
14) Thread Pooling: To improve performance and resource management, Java uses thread pools, which manage a collection of reusable threads, especially in concurrent programming (via `Executors` framework).
15) Best Practices: To avoid issues such as deadlocks and race conditions, it's essential to follow best practices in thread management, including using proper synchronization, avoiding sharing mutable state, and minimizing the scope of synchronized blocks.
These points provide a comprehensive overview of the thread cycle in Java and can serve as a foundation for an engaging training program.
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