Selenium Interview Questions Real Time
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Selenium Interview Questions Real Time
Selenium is a popular and widely used software testing tool for automating web applications. In real-time interviews, candidates may be asked various questions related to Selenium's features, capabilities, and usage. Some common interview questions include topics like test automation, browser compatibility, cross-browser testing, locators, handling exceptions, debugging, and reporting. These questions aim to assess the candidate's knowledge and understanding of Selenium and their ability to use it effectively in real-world scenarios. In addition to technical questions, candidates may also be asked about their experience with specific frameworks and tools, problem-solving skills, and teamwork abilities. Preparing for these Selenium interview questions can help candidates showcase their skills and secure a job in the competitive software testing industry.
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1 - What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open source automation tool used for automating web applications. It allows testers to write test scripts in various programming languages such as Java, Python, and C# to automate interactions with web elements. Selenium supports cross browser testing and can be integrated with different testing frameworks.
2) What are the different components of Selenium?
Selenium has three main components:
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE): It is a record and playback tool that can be used to record user interactions with web elements and generate test scripts in HTML format.
Selenium Remote Control (RC): It is a server that allows testers to write automated scripts in programming languages and execute them in different browsers.
Selenium WebDriver: It is an API that enables testers to automate web applications by interacting directly with the web elements.
3) Explain the difference between Selenium RC and WebDriver.
Selenium RC uses a JavaScript based automation engine called “Selenium Core” to execute tests in different browsers. On the other hand, Selenium WebDriver uses the native browser's automation capabilities to interact with web elements, making it more stable and efficient for test automation.
4) What is the programming language used in Selenium?
Selenium supports various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript. However, Java is the most commonly used language in Selenium due to its simplicity, wide community support, and compatibility with different operating systems.
5) What are the types of locators available in Selenium WebDriver?
Selenium WebDriver provides eight locators to identify web elements on a web page:
ID: It is a unique identifier for an element on a web page.
Name: It is the name attribute of an element.
Class Name: It is the class attribute of an element.
Tag Name: It is the HTML tag of an element.
Link Text: It is the visible text of a hyperlink element.
Partial Link Text: It is a partial match of the visible text of a hyperlink element.
CSS Selector: It is a CSS expression used to select elements on a web page.
XPath: It is a path expression used to locate elements in an XML document.
6) Which programming language is used to write XPath in Selenium?
XPath expressions can be written in both Java and JavaScript in Selenium. However, most Selenium users prefer to write XPath in Java as it provides better readability and maintainability.
7) Explain the concept of Selenium Grid.
Selenium Grid is a distributed test execution environment that allows testers to run test scripts simultaneously on multiple machines and browsers. It works on a master slave architecture, where the master node distributes the test scripts to the slave nodes for parallel execution. This helps in reducing the overall execution time and improves the efficiency of test automation.
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8) What is the difference between get() and navigate() methods in Selenium WebDriver?
The get() method is used to navigate to a specific URL in the current browser window, while the navigate() method allows users to navigate through the browser's history and perform actions like refresh, back, or forward on a web page.
9) How is data driven testing implemented in Selenium?
Data driven testing in Selenium is implemented using external data sources such as Excel sheets or databases. Test scripts are written in a way that they can read data from these sources and perform tests on different combinations of data. This helps in increasing the coverage and effectiveness of tests.
10) What are the advantages of using Selenium for test automation?
Some of the advantages of using Selenium for test automation are:
Cross platform compatibility: Selenium supports different operating systems and browsers, making it suitable for cross browser and cross platform testing.
Open source and free: Selenium is an open source tool, and its usage is free of cost.
Multiple language support: Selenium supports various programming languages, allowing users to choose the language they are most comfortable with.
Large community support: Selenium has a large and active community of users, making it easy to find help and resources.
Integration with different tools and frameworks: Selenium can be integrated with other tools and frameworks such as TestNG, JUnit, and Maven, making it more robust and flexible.
Parallel and distributed testing: Selenium Grid enables parallel and distributed testing, reducing overall execution time.
Supports different types of testing: Selenium can be used for different types of testing such as functional, regression, and compatibility testing.
11) What are the limitations of Selenium?
Some of the limitations of Selenium are:
Limited support for desktop applications: Selenium is mainly used for testing web applications and does not provide much support for automating desktop applications.
Lack of built in reporting features: Selenium does not have built in reporting features, and testers need to rely on third party tools to generate reports.
Learning curve: Selenium requires some level of programming knowledge, which can be a barrier for non technical users.
Handling dynamic elements: Selenium may face difficulties in automating dynamic elements on a web page.
No support for image based testing: Selenium relies on locators to identify web elements and does not support image based testing.
12) How do you handle pop up alerts in Selenium?
Selenium provides the Alert interface to handle pop up alerts on a web page. The Alert interface has methods like accept(), dismiss(), getText(), and sendKeys() to handle different types of pop up alerts.
13) Explain the use of Explicit and Implicit Waits in Selenium.
Explicit wait, also known as WebDriverWait, is used to wait for a specific condition to occur before executing the next step in a test script. It allows tests to wait for a particular element to be visible, clickable, or present on a web page. On the other hand, Implicit Wait instructs the Selenium WebDriver to wait for a set amount of time before throwing an exception if an element is not found. Implicit Wait is set once at the beginning of the test execution and applies to all the steps in the script.
14) How do you handle dynamic XPath in Selenium?
Dynamic XPath changes dynamically based on the attributes of elements on a web page. To handle dynamic XPath, testers can use XPath functions and expressions to locate elements using their relative positions, attributes, or text values. XPath axes, such as ancestor, descendant, and following, can also be used to navigate through the HTML structure to locate elements.
15) What is TestNG, and how is it integrated with Selenium?
TestNG is a popular testing framework for Java that allows testers to write and execute test scripts in an organized and efficient manner. It supports parallel execution, grouping of test cases, before and after methods, and assertions. TestNG can be integrated with Selenium to provide enhanced reporting and better management of test scripts.
16) How do you handle web elements that are not visible on the web page in Selenium?
Selenium provides the Actions class to handle interactions with web elements that are not visible. The Actions class enables testers to perform advanced user interactions such as drag and drop, double click, and keyboard actions on these elements.
17) What is GeckoDriver, and why is it used in Selenium?
GeckoDriver is a proxy server that acts as a middleman between the browser and the Selenium WebDriver. It is used to control the Gecko based browsers such as Mozilla Firefox. GeckoDriver is essential for Selenium 3.0 and above versions as it provides an executable file to interact with the browser, unlike previous versions.
18) What is the use of DesiredCapabilities in Selenium?
DesiredCapabilities are used to specify the desired settings of the browser in Selenium. It can be used to set browser properties like version, platform, and capabilities such as browserName, platformName, and appPackage.
19) How do you handle frames in Selenium?
Frames are used to divide a single webpage into multiple sections, allowing different HTML documents to be displayed simultaneously. To switch between different frames in Selenium, testers can use the switchTo() method and specify the frame's name or index. Once the switchTo() command is executed, all subsequent commands will be executed on the targeted frame.
20) Can Selenium handle AJAX based applications?
Yes, Selenium can handle AJAX based applications by using the implicit wait feature and waiting for an element to appear on the webpage before proceeding with the next steps. Selenium also has the capability to execute JavaScript code, making it easier to handle asynchronous elements on a web page.
21) Can Selenium handle authentication pop ups?
Yes, Selenium can handle authentication pop ups using the AutoIT tool or the Robot class in Java to interact with the pop up window and enter the required credentials.
22) How do you perform cross browser testing in Selenium?
Selenium provides the CrossBrowserTesting library, which allows testers to integrate with different cloud based platforms such as Sauce Labs and BrowserStack for automated cross browser testing. Selenium Grid can also be used for parallel execution of tests on multiple browsers.
23) What is the use of a User Agent header in Selenium?
A User Agent header is used to identify the type of browser and operating system being used to access a web page. In Selenium, the User Agent header can be modified to mimic different browsers and operating systems while testing.
24) What is a Page Object Model, and how is it implemented in Selenium?
Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used to create an object repository for a web application's user interface elements. It makes the test scripts more efficient, readable, and maintainable. In Selenium, POM is implemented by creating a separate class for each web page, which contains elements' locators and methods to interact with them.
25) How do you debug test scripts in Selenium?
Selenium provides the RemoteWebDriver class, which can be used to debug test scripts by setting breakpoints and inspecting the values of variables at different stages of the execution. Printing values and using debugging tools like Firebug can also be helpful in debugging test scripts.
In conclusion, these are some of the frequently asked interview questions about Selenium, its components and features, and its integration with other tools and frameworks. As Selenium is a widely used automated testing tool, it is essential to have a good understanding of its concepts and functionalities to be successful in interviews. With practice and understanding, one can easily master Selenium and become a proficient test automation engineer.
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