Manual Testing And Sql Interview Questions
Expert Guide
Manual Testing And Sql Interview Questions
Manual testing is a testing process performed by human testers, where they manually execute test cases without using any automation tools. It involves executing test cases, identifying and reporting bugs, and verifying if they are fixed. On the other hand, SQL Interview Questions are questions asked by interviewers to assess a candidate's knowledge and understanding of SQL (Structured Query Language), which is a programming language used to manage data in relational databases. These questions can range from basic concepts to more advanced topics and can vary depending on the job role and company. Experience with SQL is often a requirement for roles such as data analyst, data scientist, and software engineer, making SQL Interview Questions an important aspect of the hiring process.
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1 - What is manual testing?
Manual testing is the process of executing test cases and scenarios manually without using any automated tools. This involves testing the software or application to identify any defects or bugs in the system. It is a time consuming and labor intensive process but it allows for flexibility and human observations.
2) What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification involves checking whether the software meets the specified requirements and specifications. On the other hand, validation involves evaluating whether the software meets the intended use and fulfills the customer's expectations.
3) What are the different types of software testing?
There are several types of software testing including functional testing, system testing, integration testing, user acceptance testing (UAT), regression testing, and performance testing. Each type of testing focuses on a specific aspect of the software.
4) What is UAT?
UAT stands for User Acceptance Testing, it is also known as End User Testing or Beta Testing. This type of testing involves the end users of the software testing the software in a real world environment to ensure it meets their expectations and requirements.
5) What is a test case?
A test case is a set of instructions or steps that a tester follows to execute a test on the software. It includes the input data, expected outcomes, and preconditions for the test. Test cases are important for ensuring thorough and consistent testing of the software.
6) What is positive testing?
Positive testing involves testing the software with valid or expected inputs to check if it produces the desired output. This type of testing ensures that the software meets the functional requirements and works as intended.
7) What is negative testing?
Negative testing involves testing the software with invalid or unexpected inputs to check how the software handles errors and unexpected scenarios. This type of testing helps uncover defects and improves the overall quality of the software.
8) What is smoke testing?
Smoke testing is a preliminary level of testing that is performed to ensure that the most important functions of the software are working correctly before moving on to detailed testing. It is a quick and shallow test to identify any major defects at the initial stage.
9) What is a bug?
A bug is an error or defect in the software that causes it to malfunction or behave in an unintended way. Bugs can range from simple typos to more serious issues that affect the functionality of the software.
10) What is SQL?
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language used to manage and manipulate data in relational databases. It is the standard language for interacting with databases and is used for tasks such as creating, modifying, and retrieving data.
11) What is a primary key?
A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database table. It helps in identifying and accessing specific records and ensures data integrity by preventing duplicate entries.
12) What is a foreign key?
A foreign key is a field in a database table that links and establishes a relationship with the primary key of another table. It helps in maintaining data consistency and integrity across multiple tables in a database.
13) What is a join?
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A join is a SQL query used to combine data from two or more database tables based on a common field or criteria. There are different types of joins such as inner join, outer join, and cross join.
14) What is normalization?
Normalization is the process of organizing a database in a way that reduces data redundancy and dependency. It involves breaking down a large table into smaller, more logical tables to improve data consistency and prevent data anomalies.
15) What is an index?
An index is a data structure in a database that improves the performance of queries by allowing quick access to specific data in a table. It helps in reducing the time taken to retrieve data, especially in large databases with millions of records.
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