Difference between Abstract and Interface in Java 2024
Distinguishing Abstract Classes from Interfaces in Java 2024
Difference between Abstract and Interface in Java 2024
In Java, an abstract class allows us to define methods without providing implementation, whereas an interface is a contract that specifies methods that must be implemented by classes that implement the interface. Abstract classes can have constructors, fields, and methods with concrete implementations, while interfaces cannot have any implementation details and can only declare methods and constants. A class can extend only one abstract class, but it can implement multiple interfaces, making interfaces a flexible way to achieve multiple inheritance in Java.
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1 - Abstract classes in Java can contain both abstract and non abstract methods, while interfaces can only have abstract methods.
2) Abstract classes can have instance variables, constructors, and method implementations, while interfaces cannot have any instance variables or method implementations.
3) In Java, a class can extend only one abstract class, but implement multiple interfaces.
4) Abstract classes can be used to provide a common base implementation for subclasses, while interfaces define a contract for classes to implement certain behaviors.
5) Abstract classes are used when we want to group related classes together under a common base class, whereas interfaces are used to define behaviors that can be applied to multiple unrelated classes.
6) Abstract classes can have access modifiers such as public, private or protected for their methods and variables, while interfaces can only have public access by default.
7) Abstract classes support “is a” relationships, meaning a subclass is a specific type of the abstract class, while interfaces support “has a” relationships, where a class has a specific behavior defined by the interface.
8) Abstract classes can have constructors, which are called when a subclass is instantiated, while interfaces cannot have constructors.
9) Abstract classes allow for reusability of code through inheritance, while interfaces enforce a contract for classes to provide implementations for the defined methods.
10) Abstract classes can have the benefit of supporting backward compatibility by adding new methods with default implementations, while interfaces require all implementing classes to provide implementations for all methods, which can lead to breaking changes.
11) Abstract classes provide a way to structure a hierarchy of classes, while interfaces provide a way to define a common set of behaviors for unrelated classes to implement.
12) Abstract classes can define abstract methods that subclasses must implement, while interfaces can define multiple methods that implementing classes must provide implementations for.
13) Abstract classes can have defined fields that can be inherited by subclasses, while interfaces cannot have field declarations.
14) Abstract classes can define methods as final, preventing them from being overridden by subclasses, whereas interfaces do not have the concept of final methods.
15) Overall, the choice of using an abstract class or an interface in Java depends on the specific design requirements and principles of the program being developed. In a training program for students, understanding these differences and applying them in real world scenarios will help students develop a strong foundation in object oriented programming concepts.
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